Concrete construction.



R. F. LADTN.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION lman APR. 30. 1915.

Patented Apr, 25;

Wl TNESSES.'

l 'EEUBEN FREDERICK LADIN, OIF NEIJV YORK, N: Y. y y

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ltpr. 25, 1916.

Application tiled April 30, 1915. Serial No. 242,873.

T0 all whom t may concern: V

Be it known that I, REUBEN FREDERICK LADIN, a subject of the King of Sweden, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented a. new and Improved Concrete Construction, of which the following is a full, clear, and eX- act description.

'Ihis invention relates to artificial wall construction and has particular reference to concrete devices.

Among the objects of theinvention is to provide improved facilities forl erecting a wall of any Suitable size, thickness or forrn and for any desired purpose such, for instance, as dams, abutments, building walls or the like, either vertical or battering, by the employment of` means including a plurality of plates, panels or blocks deslgnedtov be arranged opposite each other in pairs and suitably connected in spaced relation and .with the space filled with plastic material, said plates or blocks together with the plastic material coperating and combining to form the improved structure.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed and illustrated in the drawings forming a part of this specification in which like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views, and in which i Figure 1 is a perspective view of a section of concrete wall indicating the nature of this invention and the manner of forming a wall thereby; Iig. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the plates or shells, .parts being broken away to' disclose the interior structure; le ig. 3 is a view of a corner piece made in accordance with this invention; and Fig. -1 is a modification of a reinforcement which may be employed.

The several parts of this device may be made of any suitable materials, and the relative sizes and proportions, as well as the general design of themechanism, may be varied to a considerable extent without departing from the spirit of the invention hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

Referring more particularly to the drawings I show at 10 one of the above referred to plates, the same comprising a vertical or substantially vertical ortion 11 and a horizontal or suhstantia 1y horizontal flange portion 12 Vformed integral with the side 11 and-at a definite angle thereto, the angle de pendingupon the nature. of the wall tobey cedure is as indicated in Fig. 1 and comprises the placing of a horizontal row or layer along a. suitable foundation" 'i (not shown), the plates 10 beingl arranged in pairs, the faces of each pair being arranged opposite each other and with their, base flanges 12 extending toward each other in the same horizontal plane, the space between the plates on the upright sides thereof being determinad by the desired thickness of the wall. By the term walllas used herein Iwish to be understood as comprehending any concrete structure or the like adapted to be erected for any purpose through the operation of this invention. The lowermost rowor layer of pairs of plates being placed in intended position, they will be crosstied -or anchored'by Asuitable means to maintain them spaced as derso signed by the architect or buildeigand after being so braced or crosstied, the space between them will be filled with lastic material, such as soft concrete or te like, with suitable tamping. That is to say, the space will be filled up level with the edges 13 of the opposing members of the pairs of plates,

In placing the individual-plates or shells in position, those whichacome adjacent to each other, either end to end or edge to edge are laid in courses of high grade cement indicated at 15. In other words, after one layer of the wall is completed, such layer comprising oppositely arranged rows of plates together with the filling of plasticl material, the neXt layer or course of plates will be superposed thereupon, the bottom surfaces 111, orthe outer portions of such surfaces, being placed upon the upper edges 13 of the next lower course and connected by the cement 15. rllhe inwardly projecting flange portion 14, however, of eachplate or shell will be supported upon the plastic material 16 previously introduced in the space beneath.` Such plastic material constitutes a binder and a direct support for said flange portion of the next upper course and obviously stifl'ens and strengthens the structure. It will be understood that the plates or shells 10 become a permanent part of the wall structure and take the place of all temporary planking or the like which is so costly and troublesome in the making of a wall under usual conditions.

Each plate or shell 10 may be suitably reinforced by `any sort or design of metal Work either as bars or strips of woven material, the same being identified in the drawings by the character 17 andcomprising a reticulated net work of wire or rods, depending upon the size and design of the plates. The reinforcing `materialpreferably is coextensve with the length of `the plate and also with both angularly related parts thereof. As additional reinforcing and bracing means I may employ diagonally arranged rods or braces 18 extending from the flange 12 to the upper portion of the side member` 11 and spaced froml the angle between the two parts. Such bracing rods lmay constitute a portion of the main reinforcement of the plate or may be attached thereto or otherwise locked in the structure of .the plate. The portions of the bracing rods which are spaced from the angle of the plate constitute also interlocking means for coperation between the plates and the filler 16, the plastic material being poured or tamped around such rods and within such spaces during the formation/of the wall. I provide each of the plates with a plurality of attachment devices by connection with which I am able to anchor the several plates to one another either transversely or diagonally in vertical planes transverse to the general length of the. wall. By wayof illustration I- show eyes 19 formed as stii" integral parts of the diagonal braces 18, said eyes projecting inwardly from the inner edge of the base flange 12 and from the upper portions of the side portion 11. As shown in Fig. 1, I may employ a cross connector `or link 20 extending directly between the oppositely arranged eyes 19 of the pair of base flanges 12. Likewise a transverse strut or link 21 may be used to connect the eyes 19 of the upper portions of said opposite plates. At

22 I show diagonal ties or braces extending from the eyes 19 at the upper portions of the plates down to points adjacent the flanges 12 or their eyes 19, or, as shown in Fig. 1, these diagonal ties 22 may be connected to anchor members .33 embedded in the plastic material 16 between. or below the base flanges l2. The application of the plastic material 16 as already described obviously takes place after the anchoring and bracing has been done and such plastic material, because of its nature, readily adapts itself to the interstices or spaces between said links or other interlocking devices and the already hardened portions of the wall.

'In Fig. 3 I show a corner piece for maky ing a turn in the wall as in building a house or the like, the same comprising upright side members 11 and base flanges 12 related to one another asalready described in connection with the main Wall plates and also having bracing and anchoring devices which may be of the same nature as described above. The corner may befurthermore reinforced by means of a diagonal link 24 extending from one of the eyes 19 to an anchor 25 embedded in the side member 11 in its formation.

Fig. 4 indicates a form of reticulated reinforcing means 17 in which an eye 19 is formed as an integral feature thereof.

In the practical operation of this method of forming walls I sometimes prefer to employ vertical plates of sheet metal or their equivalent as indicated at 26 to protect the high grade cement between abutting ends of the plates 10 from the moist concrete 16 when the latter is being applied in a soft wet plastic condition. Said plates 26 obviously'may be of any suitable sheet tin or the like and add very little to the cost of the wall, and, after serving their purpose above set forth, may remain in place inthe wall without objection. Obviously such plates may consist of a sheet of building papers or other suitable material to temporarily protect the plate joint and cement from the wet concrete.

I claim:

In a building block of the nature set forth, the combination of base and side members rigidly connected in intersecting planes, embedded reinforcing means coextensive with the said base and side membersand in the form of a web, diagonal reinforcing elements extending between thei base and side members and having their ends extended beneath the said reinforcing web and terminating at their extremities in attachment eyes projecting inwardly from the said base and side members for the pur ose described.

REUBEN FREDERI K LADIN.l

Witnesses:

ELIZABETH H. Nixon, DAVID F. LADIN. 

